Author: Sheikh Abbas Bin Mohd

Human control over autonomous weapons starts with the contract: The gap in the CCW text

U.S. soldiers assemble a Switchblade 600 loitering munition during training at Grafenwoehr Training Area, Germany, 4 November 2024. Photo: Sgt. Cody Nelson, U.S. Army, Wikimedia Commons (public domain).

The CCW expert group’s elements reach upstream but leave out requirements, trials and contracts. India’s draft procurement rules show how to close that gap.

AI-enhanced CCTV evidence and the duty to disclose rejected versions

CCTV cameras in Matunga, Mumbai. Photo: Punit Rajpal, Wikimedia Commons (CC0).

On 22 May 2026, a three-judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Pune Bar Association v Union of India rejected a constitutional challenge to hash disclosure and expert certification under Section 63(4) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. A certificate establishes that the image tendered in court is the image the examiner produced. It does not establish that it was the only image the examiner produced.